November 2024

False Eastings are an artificial value added to the easting coordinates in the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection system to ensure all easting values within a zone are positive. Specifically, a constant value of 500,000 meters is added to the easting coordinate of the central meridian of each UTM zone.

External Force refers to any force, whether measurable or unknown, that impacts a vessel's ability to maintain its position and heading. These forces play a significant role in Dynamic Positioning (DP). operations, as they must be continuously counteracted by the vessel's thrusters and propulsion systems to ensure stability and precision.

An Exclusion Zone around an offshore structure or complex is a designated area within which vessel operations and activities fall under the jurisdiction of the Offshore Installation Manager (OIM). This zone is established to ensure safety and control over all operations near critical offshore assets. While the standard exclusion zone is typically 500 meters, the exact size can vary depending on operational requirements and environmental factors.

An Escape Route is a critical safety component in Dynamic Positioning (DP) operations, providing a pre-determined and clearly defined path for the vessel to move away from hazards or nearby structures in case of an emergency. Proper planning and execution of escape routes ensure the safety of the vessel, crew, and surrounding installations during high-risk operations.

Equipment Class is a measure of the overall redundancy and reliability of a vessel's Dynamic Positioning (DP) system, as defined by the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) MSC Circular 645. There are three Equipment Classes — Classes 1, 2, and 3 — each specifying increasing levels of redundancy to suit varying operational and safety requirements.

Environmental Reference Systems are essential sensors integrated into Dynamic Positioning (DP) systems, providing critical feedback data about environmental conditions and vessel dynamics. These systems enable DP operations to compensate for external forces, ensuring precise station-keeping and stability.

An Emergency Exit Strategy, also referred to as an Escape Route, is a pre-determined plan that outlines safe routes to exit hazardous areas during an emergency. In maritime and offshore environments, this strategy is critical for ensuring the safety of personnel during unforeseen events such as fires, equipment failures, or environmental hazards.

Dynamic Positioning (DP) refers to a vessel’s capability to maintain its position and heading automatically using active thrusters. This advanced technology is integral to modern offshore and maritime operations, providing precise control in challenging environments without the need for anchors or mooring.

Duplex is a term commonly used in the context of Dynamic Positioning (DP) systems to describe a configuration where two computers are utilized to provide redundancy. This design ensures increased reliability and safety by allowing continuous operation even if one computer encounters a failure.

Dual Frequency refers to a GPS facility that utilizes both the L1 and the encrypted L2 signal frequencies transmitted by GPS satellites. This advanced capability is particularly beneficial for Dynamic Positioning (DP) operations, as it offers improved reliability and accuracy, especially in challenging conditions caused by atmospheric disturbances.